- Title
- Association between Plasma Trimethylamine N-Oxide Levels and Type 2 Diabetes: A Case Control Study
- Creator
- Kalagi, Nora A.; Thota, Rohith N.; Stojanovski, Elizabeth; Alburikan, Khalid A.; Garg, Manohar L.
- Relation
- Nutrients Vol. 14, Issue 10, no. 2093
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102093
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Resource Type
- journal article
- Date
- 2022
- Description
- Animal and human studies have reported conflicting results on the relationship between circulating trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels and risk of Type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to compare plasma TMAO levels in people with or without T2D and explore the association of TMAO and T2D. A prospective case-control study of 297 participants, 164 healthy controls and 133 patients with T2D, was conducted. TMAO levels were quantified by UPLC-MS/MS. Comorbidities, dietary patterns, physical activity, and blood biomarkers were assessed. Median (IQR) plasma TMAO levels were significantly higher in diabetes cases (4.95 (2.84−8.35) µmol/L) compared to healthy controls (3.07 (2.05−4.82) µmol/L) (p < 0.001). The association between TMAO and T2D was significant in the non-adjusted Model 1 (p < 0.001) and after adjusting for confounders of diabetes including age, BMI, and level of education in Model 2 (p = 0.04). When the association was further adjusted for physical activity and diet in Model 3, plasma TMAO levels at only the highest quartile (>6.40 µmol/L) were associated with the risk of diabetes (OR = 3.36, 95% CI [1.26, 9.04], p = 0.02). The results presented suggest an association between plasma TMAO levels and T2D. A significant correlation was found between red meat consumption and increased levels of TMAO in T2D patients. A longitudinal study is warranted to further evaluate the correlation between TMAO and T2D.
- Subject
- trimethylamine N-oxide; type 2 diabetes; diet; case control study; SDG 3; Sustainable Development Goals
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1484906
- Identifier
- uon:51448
- Identifier
- ISSN:2072-6643
- Rights
- x
- Language
- eng
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